Engineered Capsaicin Delivery Systems for Immunogenic Cell Death Induction in Osteosarcoma: A Biomedical Engineering Perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16018597Keywords:
Capsaicin, Calreticulin (CRT) Translocation, Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD), Drug delivery systems, Tumor microenvironmentAbstract
Osteosarcoma, the most common pediatric bone tumor, remains challenging to treat due to limited therapeutic advances. This study demonstrates capsaicin's dual anti-tumor effects in MG-63 osteosarcoma cells: direct cytotoxicity and immunogenic cell death (ICD) induction. Capsaicin triggered significant calreticulin (CRT) surface exposure (5.8-fold increase, p<0.01), enhancing dendritic cell phagocytosis by 3.5-fold compared to cisplatin-treated cells. Subsequent T-cell activation showed Th1-polarized immunity with elevated IFN-γ (320 pg/mL) without IL-4 increase. These findings position capsaicin as a promising natural ICD inducer for osteosarcoma therapy, warranting further preclinical development.
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